At the Battle of Siddim, Chedorlaomer defeats them and takes many captives, including Lot, the nephew of the Hebrew patriarch Abraham. Sodom and Gomorrah are two of the five "cities of the plain" referred in Genesis 13:12 and Genesis 19:29 subject to Chedorlaomer of Elam, which rebel against him. Sodom and Gomorrah's destruction in the background of Lucas van Leyden's Lot and his Daughters (1520) According to Burton MacDonald, the Hebrew term for Gomorrah was based on the Semitic root ʿ-m-r, which means "be deep", "copious (water)". ![]() In the Septuagint, these became Σόδομα, Sódoma and Γόμορρᾰ, Gómorrha the Hebrew ghayn was absorbed by ayin sometime after the Septuagint was transcribed, it is still pronounced as a voiced uvular fricative in Mizrahi, which is rendered in Greek by a gamma, a voiced velar stop). The etymology of the names Sodom and Gomorrah is uncertain, and scholars disagree about them.
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